Food Court In Kampar Area Commerce Essay

nourishment for thought judgeship In Kampar Area Commerce Essay2.1.1 The name, logo, and location of the take businessNameThe business that we proposed is sustenance court in Kampar bea, to wit as dismissal diet judicial system. luminosity prov revokeer court is in its startup stage. A viands court is a plaza or common knowledge base within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of ninefold food vendors and proffers a common ara for self-divine service dining.logo run across 2.1 Logo of electric discharge aliment motor innExplanation of logo Location form bubbles fodder salute is located at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which is in new townspeopleship Kampar. Besides, instigate viands appeal is nearby Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and Westlake Home. It is also surrounding by early(a) housing-shops, much(prenominal) as restaurant, photocopy and printing shop, cybercaf, mini market, and others.Figure 2.2 Location of trip up fare Court denotatio nThe main lawsuit of offset solid food Court sold the multi- pickings of foods, which also include halal foods is that Kampar has a people of around 68,000 over a land bunch of 39,000 hectares in the last 2009. The majority of the towns macrocosm is Chinese and other races such as Malays and Indians make up the rest of Kampars population. There is an increasing of population delinquent to Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) operating in new town and Kampar also served by various primary and secondary schools.With an estimated combined capacity of more than 20,000 students, these deuce institutions are touting to be the two instruments that go forth restore the town to its former(prenominal) glory. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high up brings in population. New food court center go cater for the population of Kampar and suffers capableness opportunities for part- gondola cartridge clip work for s tudents living in the neighborhood. jaunt Food Court holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and needs of target markets and delivering the desire satisfactions to customers. In addition, people are ceaselessly changing their taste or mollify in having meals. Therefore, release Food Court has the ability to contact customers needs by overhaul them with more than 30 polar choices of foods in one place.2.1.2 Nature of business / product or service sayIt proposes that in launch to sate the businesss mission, Spark Food Court push the needs and wants of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than its competitors. First, Spark Food Court rents the places to other vendors to sell their foods, while Spark Food Court itself sells beverages to customers. nitty-gritty that, Spark Food Court provides services to vendors (rent the place) and at the akin time provides products (beverage) to customers.The product that Spark Food Court provides i s beverages and foods. The foods that provide gener every(prenominal)y give up varied choices with proper foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving each(prenominal) races of customers at the same time. round the Kampar, we necessitate found that the restaurants that scarce provided halal foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who meet for halal food have limited choices of food to choose in Kampar. Spark Food Court is able to serve all customers, neither Muslim nor non-Muslim. Muslim customers are one of Spark Food Courts potential customers because the foods include HALAL foods. HALAL food horse barn and non-HALAL food passs are separates in Spark Food Court. Consequently, even there are fewwhat non-HALAL food stalls in Spark Food Court, Muslim customers give incur sound and have the confidence to have their meal.Besides that, price of the foods is modestnessable, which it can just be what exchanged fo r the product or services between Spark Food Court and customers. Spark Food Court also distri exceptes a colorful catalog with menu and price listed that paste in expect of the vendors stall. The catalog with menu and price also share out to both house to let all potential customers know.Thus, Spark Food Court provides good milieu to customers. Spark Food Court is able to provide more than 30 different choices of foods in one place. There is a large place enough for customers with their friends and families gather to have a meal. Spark Food Court has free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. This departing make customers feel convenience when having meal in Spark Food Court.2.1.3 Company mission and objectivesSpark Food Courts MissionTarget to all customers, either Muslim or non-Muslim peculiarly in new town KamparProvide multi-choices of foods, which include HALAL foodsSatisfy all customers in Kampar area with a presumable priceImprove fictio nal character of products and outstanding in a hygienic and larger environmentProvide a complaisant service environment compare to competitorsSpark Food Courts Objective take profitable investment return for investors or shareholders between form common chord and five.Payback period within tether to five divisionsThe luck2.2.1 Problem to solve or need to be filled creationBased on the research, the populations in Kampar were generally increasing every year, especially those students from different states and the retirement citizen. The main factor of increasing students in Kampar is due to the realised of UTAR campus and the existing of KTAR in Kampar. When population of students emergences, this go away straightly followed by the demand of foods. As what we had observed from the Kampar area, the choices of food is rather limited compare to other places while the population is higher. Besides, some of the foods that provided from restaurants are not customer flavor or taste. Because of this reasons, students are simply select patronize the few restaurants that they frequently go.Different Choice of FoodThus, customers are facing problem when they want to decide which restaurant they want to have their meal. This is because due to the choices of foods that the restaurants provided are limited. Around Kampar, it is difficult to find restaurants that can provide more choices of foods. Those potential customers feel bored to the same restaurants and their food taste. This is because adult male being always wants different things and numerous choices to choose.HALAL FoodThe population of Kampar is around 68,000 people that intermix with Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Somehow, we have found that those restaurants that provided HALAL foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who find for HALAL food have limited choices of foods to choose in Kampar because those restaurants that provide HALAL food are few . Muslim customers are feeling bored when they always went to the same restaurants.LocationBecause of the increasing of students in Kampar, this will straightly followed by the increase of vehicles in Kampar area. However, the parking places are not enough to satisfy all the vehicles in Kampar area. Customers feel inconvenience to find parking place for their vehicles. Besides, some students who have no vehicles are inconvenient to walk long to find restaurant that suit their taste.How the proposed business solves the problem or fills the need existenceTo satisfy the demand of the customers, Spark Court Food rents stalls to vendors and provides many choices of foods with reasonable price to customers. Therefore, Spark Food Court can encounter customers basic of need. As we know that, food is the basic need of human being therefore, how can we attract new customers actually is from the special and tonicity of food itself. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high demands in population.Different Choice of FoodThe product that Spark Food Court provides is beverages and foods. The foods that provide generally have different choices and HALAL foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving all races at the same time. Price of the foods is reasonable, which it can simply be what exchanged for the products or services between Spark Food Court and customers. More than 30 different choices of foods can cause by customers at a same place. Spark Food Court provides different choices of food, which include Japanese food, Thai food, horse opera food, Economic rice, HALAL foods, and others to satisfy customers needs and wants.HALAL FoodThe reason of Spark Food Court sold the HALAL food is to satisfy the need for Muslim customers. This is because Spark Food Court is able to serve all races of customers at the same time. Spark Food Court rents the stall to vendors who sell HALAL foods. Besides, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls is separates. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel safe and have the confidence to have their meal in Spark Food Court. Even Chinese market in Kampar is commodious, but Muslim customers are also one of Spark Food Courts potential customers.LocationThus, the place of Spark Food Court located is strategic because it target to all customers in new town Kampar area, especially students. Spark Food Court provides free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. Spark Food Court is near to KTAR and other housing area, which students and others customers can overstep food court center even they have no car or bike.Competitive Advantages2.3.1 Description of the melodic line ModelFigure 2.3 Business ModelSource Developed for the research.Core schemeSpark Food Court mission is to provide a comfortable and variety choice of foods as eating point to customers. The difference between Spark Food Court and competitors is the clean and hygiene environment and trendy make structure. Customers are enjoyable when having meal in Spark Food Court and the employee turnover rate is high. Beside, the attribute of food and services are also a main core outline to attract new customers. Every three months, Spark Food Court will review the customers manage and hate by survey and interview session to overcome weakness and continue sustainable in future. For any improvement and changes, there will be a small meeting with all management team members, workers, and vendors.Strategy ResourcesThe strategy location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is main core competency as it is located in between the potential customers, which are University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), and Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) students. Spark Food Court is situated near to the main customers including UTAR, KTAR, Sekolah Kebangsaan Sentosa, Sekolah Menengah Sentosa, SMJK(C) Pei Yuen, SRJK(C) Chung Hua, Kampar Clock Tower, SMK Sri Kampar, SMJK(T) Kampar, Kampar river, Kampar Recreation Park, SRK M ethodist ACS Kampar, Kampar Central Wet Market. Nevertheless, it is accessible by modes of transportation, such as motorbike, bicycle, bus, taxi, and car. This has condition an opportunity great advantage to compete with other rivals outside.Customer portThe core target market of Spark Food Court is students and staffs at two nearby privacy institutions and the residents from all the Kampar. There are some(prenominal) channels of interactions with the target market, which include the situated location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, distributed with flyers onwards the idleing of Spark Food Court, through word of mouth by customers, and online information from websites.Partnership NetworkA good and trustful provider is a very important factor in order to provide the quality and effective products and services to the customers itself. Therefore, reliable supplier will result in reducing wastage cost and increase growth of profit.Furniture and allowanceSpark Food Court purchases the furniture and fitting at IKEA retail shop. IKEA is offering dynamic aimed and functional Home Furnishing product with reasonable price which is afford by every of its customers. (APPENDIX A)Spark Food Court chooses Elmod Enterprise as seller network for furniture and fitting. Elmod Enterprise is merchandising its products constructed with highest-grade material and built in exact standards. Besides, it also focuses on the flair, quality and value of the products to customers. (APPENDIX A)Electrical appliancesAs for electrical appliances, Spark Food Court is very confident with buying the electrical appliances with Haier. Haier is a globally dishonor of goods manufacturing and official home appliances. It is typically manufacturing products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, kitchen appliances and so on, which titled as Top Brands in China. (APPENDIX A)Kitchen equipmentThe good reputation of GH innocuous Steel has leaded Spark Food Court to choose it kitchen equipment. GH righteous Steel started in middle year of 1960s and directly it is recognizing as a leading manufacturer of Stainless Steel industry. (APPENDIX A)Building expressionThe entire building project of Spark Food Court will take over by He-Con Sdn Bhd who is familiar with the infrastructure and building construction. Besides, by applying HC precast building system given customers with cost effectiveness, high quality finish and easy standardization construction. (APPENDIX A)Interior and outside(prenominal) architectural planGukawe Resources is deviation to analyze and plan for Spark Food Court interior and exterior design in term of it deeply experienced in design industry and knowledgeable employees. Likewise, the conjunction also provides the design service for digital brochures, flyers, catalogs and so forth. (APPENDIX A)As Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd is one of the experts of renovation and design company in Malaysia, therefore it will handle the interior and exterior design of Spa rk Food Court as whole. The manufacturer of the Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd products is merchandise from the renowned countries like Span, China, Turkey and others. (APPENDIX A)2.3.2 How the Business will create a sustainable competitive advantageFigure 2.4 Competitive AdvantageSource Developed for the research.LocationThe perfect location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar create a sustainable competitive advantage for Spark Food Court because of the launch of UTAR and KTAR mainly play an important role to attract the customers. In addition, from Bidor Tol to Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is only taken 30 minutes time per kilometer per hour by car. Somehow, the strategic location of Spark Food Court was surrounding by all the potential customers that can take as granted to open such an ideal food business.Variety of Food ChoiceBy providing multiple of food vendors including HALAL food enable every faith to have meal at Spark Food Court. In order to satisfy the need and desire of customers, Spark Food Court established as a first standardized Food Court at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which consists of 30 different food stalls. It provides food, such as Thai food, westbound food, Chinese food, Malay food, Indian food, and so on. Therefore, the different type of foods that sells at Spark Food Court can be a huge competitive advantage compares other competitors because of the variety of food choices. This is because customers can obtain the food they want in one place. Customers can choose their well-situated food rather than others places that only offered a limited choice of food to them.EnvironmentSpark Food Court generally provides a condom and hygiene environment including the cleanliness of the food court, proper attire by workers, facilities in good condition and the safety of food to consume which as a value added to their customers. It operate to ensure the customer is being treated as good enough in order to keep them as sure customers in the future. Spark Food Court concern with the environment matter, so the facilities provided is being review occasionally to ensure in the safety mode. Besides, workers will immediately clean the table after customers leave, thus next customers will not have to wait and have a clean environment to have meal.Food Court DesignThe Spark Food Court will be design in a unique style of food court, which creatively use of all spaces and attractive interior design. Spark Food Court will design slightly same like the food court in major Shopping Complex and the singularity is it build as standalone building in rural area Kampar. As we are concern with the interior and exterior of the food court design, so the Food Court is prioritize in trendy outlook, which including the fitting and furniture, building structure, kitchen component and others. Apart from that, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls will be separated. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel that they are respected of what kind of food they cannot take .Management TeamOur enthusiastic leader, Miss Ho Lib Jiun will pass the overall process of preparing the Spark Food Court business plan. The Food Court Operation management will be fully managed by Mr. Vince Pang Von Khong. Miss Ng Chai Siah who is familiar in promotion strategy and tools as well manages the Sales and Marketing Department. Finally, Miss Toh Su Ling who has some(prenominal) training experience in accounting and financing field will manage the Finance Department. However, the management team will undergo with some training and development skills to maintain the business sustainable in the food industryCurrent Status and RequirementDescription of the business stands today and what the business needs to move forward (project milestones is required)Table 2.1 Projected Milestones for Pre-Commencement toil ActivitiesDurationsStarting DateFinish DateProject Presentation1 day16/08/201016/08/2010Project Approval14 old age17/08/201030/08/2010Receives Funding14 age31/08/2010 13/09/2010Acquire Location7 eld14/09/201020/09/2010 guard Required License and Permits30 days21/09/201020/10/2010Commence Renovation and Retrofit Building150 days21/10/201019/03/2011Search Suppliers for Ordering and Purchasing21 days20/03/20119/04/2011Arrangement for Equipments5 days10/04/201114/04/2011Application for Vendors30 days15/04/201114/05/2011Application for suffice Workers21 days24/04/201114/05/2011Promotional Action21 days15/05/201104/06/2011Ordering Uniforms for Vendors and Workers21 days15/05/201104/06/2011 receiving set Registration5 days24/05/201128/05/2011Training Workers7 days30/05/201005/06/2011Create Awareness on Workers and Vendors3 days03/06/201105/06/2011Start Business Operation06/06/2011(Refer Gantt Chart) APPENDIX BTable 2.2 Projected MilestoneTime FrameActivities2011Commence of business.Achieve total tax income of RM ______in the end of the year.2012Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year.2013Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year2014Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year2015Payback the start-up capital within ______

The Institute For Pak Afghan Relations Politics Essay

The Institute For Pak sheepskin coat Relations Politics EssayPakistans interaction with Afghanistan has been influenced and fashioned by the historical legacy of pre-1947 Afghan-British Indian relations. This legacy lay the basis for the reading of an acrimonious reversible relationship amongst the devil states after 1947, which was complicated by the frosty War power politics. The nineteenth century geo- strategical rivalry between the great Britain and Tsarist Russia (the so-called Great Game) on the Afghan chessboard created an environment of mistrust and suspicion against strange powers in the eyes of the Afghans. The relations were further aggravated by the tether Anglo-Afghan wars (1838-1842 1879-1880 1919-1920). The unsettled shores in the northwest of British India, where the writ of the British establishment was not fully enforceable, gave Afghanistan an opportunity to create security problems in the eld of British Raj and more so after their departure from the subcontinent. Pakistan, therefore, inherited an uncongenial neighbor on its Hesperian border, making it difficult to formulate a insurance policy of having fri dismissly ties with Afghanistan.Its security threat perception as creation sandwiched between a hostile India in the east and an irredentist Afghanistan in the west compelled Pakistan to seek a friendly regime in Kabul. Afghanistans territorial reserve claims on the Pashtu-speaking aras of Pakistan coupled with the pro-Indian posture of its ruling elites further reinforced Pakistans strategic belief that a hostile Afghanistan ill served Pakistans security fatalitys.The logical corollary of this threat perception was that, regardless of its costs and difficulties, Pakistan had to pursue a sub-imperial engagements in Afghanistan to stiff a client regime, which would not only give it a strategic depth against India but would also help stabilize its volatile western border.The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan forced Pakistan to wage, with the prevail of western and Arab allies, a representative war in Afghanistan and ultimately forced Soviets to withdraw from Afghanistan. Since the end of the Cold War, Pakistan continued its forward policy in Afghanistan mainly through the support of the Hizb-i-Islami of Gulbadin Hikmatyar and, later, through the Taliban.Following the tied(p)ts of Sep.11, 2001 the semipolitical landscape of South Asia transformed dramatically. The family 11 incident provided Pakistan with an opportunity to reconsider its Afghan policy and find oneself its lost status in the inter subject area community. Pakistan took a U-turn in its Afghan policy and became a front line state in the US war against terrorism and helped topple its erstwhile Taliban allies from power. Though this move of action helped Pakistan get out of regional as well as international isolation, its long involvement with the Afghan groups locked in internal make do for power has left it with fewer friends and mo re enemies in Afghanistan, particularly among the literate person urban middle class and non-Pashtuns. Its relations with Afghanistan continue to be bedeviled with uncertainty and fear, even as both countries atomic number 18 cautiously re zippyizing zygomorphous relations.Though the historical, geographical, cultural, religious, ethnic, security and economic affinities and interdependence between Pakistan and Afghanistan are demarcation to play their role in strengthening the relations between the cardinal countries, there are certain stumbling blocs in Pak-Afghan relations like Pak-Afghan border issue, the Pashtunistan issue, Afghanistans skepticism on Pakistans resolve to fight war on terrorism and Pakistans strong reservations over Indian anti-Pakistan activities from Afghanistan.For improving the relations both Pakistan and Afghanistan need to allay their shared misperceptions and distrust. The ongoing blame game by the deuce countries led an Afghan expert to write, Owin g to increasing Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan, one cannot hope for any improvement in the security item in the war-ravaged country. The embattled Afghan government is expected to become even more critical of Pakistan in future on account of the growing in Taliban attacks. Pakistan is likely to reply in the same currency, and there are already signs that its tone in denying accusations of support for Taliban is becoming aggressive. The fireworks will continue, and it would be futile to expect any major improvement in their worried political and diplomatic ties in the near future.It is in this context that we felt up the need to establish a research organization that will lay examine and analyze the factors that continues to adversely affect relations between the countries that permit so many overlapping layers of common history, culture, religion, geography and security.We believe that if both the countries were able to allay their mutual misperceptions, distrust, and suspi cions the relations between the two are bound to improve. The relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan are symbiotic in nature. When Afghanistan pains, Pakistan bleeds and depravity versa. Both are destined to sink or sail unneurotic and now time has come for them to think conjointly to find shipway and means for putting an end to recurring power vacuums in this region, which ofttimes sucks in external state actors.About IPARIPAR provides the analysis, training and tools that prevent and end regional conflicts, promotes stability and professionalizes the field of regional peace building.It is essential that the Pakistan Afghanistan, look at a regional approach to find out solution to their alert problems and play an active part in preventing, managing, and resolving regional conflicts to turn over a lasting peace and stability on both sides of the Durand line. thrill StatementThe Institute of Pak-Afghan Relations is an independent, nonpartisan, non-governmental, progress ive think tank work for comprehensive cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan, which would provide a solid basis for multi-disciplinary cooperation. The IPAR emphasizes the vital importance of brotherly relations in pursuance of policies of mutual respect, non-interference and cool coexistence and recommends further expansion of economic, social, and cultural relations between the two countries. Its goals are to helpPrevent and resolve regional conflictsPromote post-conflict stability and developmentIncrease conflict management capacity, tools, and intellectual capital by empowering others with knowledge, skills, and resources.Aims and Objectives accent the deep historic, religious, spiritual, cultural and commercial bonds among Afghanistan and Pakistan, IPAR focuses especially on the treatment of terrorism, extremism and militancy, bilateral cooperation in political and economic fields, and regional and international issues of common concern. The initiate will work for the following objectivesImproving bilateral relation between Pakistan and Afghanistan culminating into a perennial strategic partnership carried forth to coming generations load-bearing(a) programs that foster independent research, enabling our scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze Pak afghan immaterial policy issues and to make concrete policy recommendationsSponsoring Independent confinement Forces to produce reports with both findings and policy prescriptions on the most important foreign policy issues and Providing up-to-date information and analysis on Pak-Afghan relationsPrograms and ActivitiesIn order to achieve the above goals, the Institute undertakes a unique conclave of activities, including the followingPerforming cutting edge research, to producepublicationsfor practitioners, policymakers, and academia.Building mutual trust and confidence by Parliamentary supercedes complement political-level interaction and promoting people- to-people contacts including the exchange visits of journalists, poets, writers, musicians and artistes.Educating studentsabout conflict, organizing study tours, and increasing the peace building capabilities of future leaders. load-bearing(a) policymakersby providing analyses, policy options, and advice, as well as by sponsoring a wide range of region-oriented working groups.ExpertiseThe Institute draws on a variety of resources in fulfilling its mandate, including Institute staff, grantees, fellows, and a broad set of governmental and non-governmental partnersInstitute Specialists The Institute employs specialists with both geographic and subject-matter expertise. These experts are leaders in their fields. They come from the government, military, NGOs, academia, and the private sector.Partners/Grantees The Institute works with an extensive network of partners, including non-profits, academic institutions, government agencies, international organizations, and the military.Publicati onIPAR approach is grounded in field of research. Our surveys and policy analyses are informed by the work of a team of researchers, reporters and political analysts located in different areas of Pak-Afghan region. Based on information and assessments from the field, the shew produces analytical reports, weekly updates and policy briefings containing practical recommendations targeted at key national and international decision-makers. We also publish survey-based reports, research journal and books, providing in-depth analysis of versatile issues.

Article Critique †‘You Have Someone To Trust (2012)

Article Critique You Have soulfulness To pull (2012)Jessica Bowstead setting and PolicyQualitative Research Article Critique You Have soul To Trust (2012).Jessica BowsteadM2067675Word Count-1650Mortimer, J North, K Stead J. (2012). You Have Some ane To Trust. Outstanding safeguarding practise in primary educates. unappreciated ( unfamiliar), pg1-74.The purpose of this schoolmanian piece is to critic eachy measure out the article You Have Someone to Trust, it will begin with examining the literary works and will discuss info abbreviation and findings and then will conclude by synthesising evidence as to whether it is a valued piece of work. The article of choice is soft. Qualitative look is a term used for inquiry strategies that atomic number 18 aimed at how human beings pick up, experience, envision and produce the social world (Hammersley, 2013). The main strength of soft search is it generates an opportunity for great depth and information on the social off shoot (Griffin, 2007). Quantitative data, on the other hand focuss on counting and classifying features and constructing statistics (Mangell, 2013). Mortimer utilizes the method of ethnography in her research, this largely relies on contemplation and interviews as an essential aspect of its methods, the researcher endeavours to start part of the research, winning note of everything they see and hear (Saks and Allsop, 2007).Validity, reliability, and objectivity atomic number 18 criteria used to evaluate the quality of research. As an explanatory method, the content of qualitative research abbreviation differs from quantitative data, from its assumptions, research purposes, and inference serve welles, and so make the criteria unsuitable for qualitative research (Bradley, 1993). Early work conducted by Lincoln and Guba (1985) suggested four measures for evaluating qualitative research credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. For the purpose of this crit ical review, the author has chosen the McMaster critical approximation tool Framework (1998, online). Following a full critical rating and checklist, it is appargonnt that Mortimers paper is an interesting but a tortuous piece of research.You Have Somebody to Trust (2012) was created with the notion that it would specify criteria for institutionalize in relation to safeguarding children. Policy making relies heavily on the academic literature, from the research it is distinguished how severe a problem is, what actions are unavoidable and know how implement it into practice (Exblom, 2002). After school and services failed to blemish and understand former legislation, and a series of serious case reviews, a new framework Practical Tips for Schools was created in January 2012 (Mortimer et al, 2012). Mortimers study helped pee the new framework with her research, this was by an evidence-based approach.You confine someone to trust was funded by the Childrens Commission, which w as established by the Childrens Act 2004 (Mortimer et al, 2004). Due to the record of the funding, this research could be seen as one sided. Its the governments duty to discipline practitioners are following safeguarding procedures (GOV.UK online) so one mightiness believe that the results whitethorn bias to fit their own aims. However, this has not affected the result or completion of the study.It is essential that studies are clear and coherent callable to the research being built on previous research (Dawson, Dawson Over content 2013) allowing the information to be transferred. Here Mortimer clearly discusses the purpose of study in the first theatrical role Executive Summary. It is also explicitly stated in the present moment section, Object of the Study stating The research was in order to identify outperform professional practice in response to child protection and safeguarding concerns in primary schools (Mortimer et al, 2012). Although generalizability is disregarded in qualitative studies (Ali Yusof, 2011) it is important the findings from this article are transferable. Although no two schools are the same, the general operation of a school and their approach to safeguarding should be.In qualitative research it is essential to examine the permit literature on the issue of the study, this provides the reviewer with a rational punctuate of the study (Fink Arlene 2005). Mortimer does draw on a signifi displacet amount of literature to contextulize her research. In section four, there is a varied quantity of literature on the chosen bow, including Intervening early cited by Eason and Gee 2012 and A shared dread of outstanding practice cited by Ofsted Safeguarding Schools (2011) this is predominantly precious in that it provides evidence of the subject matter. Generally, there is a clear raillery regarding the literature which in turn strengthens her study.Mortimer has chosen to use purposive sampling, she has ideal this by intentionally s electing participants who can contribute a deep understanding of the phenomenon that she is studying (Klenk, 2013). The procedure of pattern selection was not highlighted in Mortimers report, this could increase transferability. Without this a notion of bias may be questioned due to the deficiency of information. To strengthen her report Mortimer could take stated the sex, race, age and ground of the participants. Discarding this information the paper cannot be seen as a true representation of the population (Janson, 2010) which will decrease transferability. Although the sampling information is limited, one can clearly summarize that the type of sampling here is a level best Variation Sampling. This involves deliberately selected cases with a wide variation on dimensional interests as an effort to understand the context and created transferbility (Polit Beck, 2013).In the executive summary section it states that the sample of the school, which were visited were specificall y selected to ensure a variation in size, geographical location and demographic intake(Mortimer et al, 2012). Here Mortimer has addressed the becharm actions and increased her confimability in relation to the school selection. There was no resoluteness as to whether all participants took part, allowing the reader to assume that all asked contubuted to the study. Overall, the choice of sample selected for the research purposes is suitable as it does seem to offer a benevolent opportunity for research into the properties of safeguarding in education. Nevertheless, due to the insufficiency of information provided the results lack confimibility and tranferability.Mortimer does not go into either substantial detail about the process of data collection, in section five there is a bleak mention of it however, only basic information is provided. It states that semi structured interviews and thoughts had taken place, but again examples are not specified. The reader was not able to cri tique the questions appropiability or notice if they were clearly understood. Survey respondents misunderstand questions more often than one might expect, and the collection process mistakes are difficult to discover and correct (Conrad Schober 2005). To amend the validity of the research, Mortimer could of included member checks. Member checks involve sharing all of the findings with the participants, allowing them to question and comment on the authenticity of the work (Creswell, 2007) this would eliminate whatever misunderstandings. Forwarding that Mortimer could have piloted her study so she was able to recognise any gaps in her proposal method (Sampson, 2004).The researcher has a clear state to ensure that they protect the right and well being of their participants irrespective of the nature of their research, there are many guidelines that reinforce these principles and many aspects are legally enforceable (Eby, 1991). Mortimer does not discuss any estimable issues tha t she considered, or whether ethical approval was given. Participants who are subject in a research subject must be competent, have full disclosure of the subject field, understand the process and voluntarily participate (Emanuel, Abdoler Stunkel 2006). This is not disclosed in Mortimer study, therefore the reader is required to assume that the correct ethical procedures were adopted.The data analysis of the study was satisfactory. Mortimer provided a clear breakdown of the data that she gathered. However, no secret writing was present, coding is an important aspect of a study, it allows studies to be repeated and validated, it makes methods perspicuous (Shenton, 2004). In Mortimers case the coding should of been finalized once the survey was immaculate and in the case of interviews after the data was collected (Bourque, 2004). She included some(prenominal) direct quotes from participants, which increase the credibility in her research. Quotations give an insight and center and illustrate the argument (Holloway Wheeler, 2013) facilitating the reader to understand how the findings were presented. However, it ought to be recognized that her findings are clearly presented and concluded.You have someone to trust (2012) can be seen as having an insignificant amount of credibility. Credibility can be defined as The plausibility of ones study (Pitney commonser 2009). This article is a young document created in 2012, suggesting that the information if current and up to date, furthering that, credible sources have been researched through the paper such as the NSPCC Safeguarding For Children. The investigators, background and qualification are unknown, Patton 1990 believes that the credibility of the researcher is especially important as it is the person who collects the data. It is believed that this is evenly as important as the procedure credibility (Alkin, Daillak White, 1979).Beyond that, triangulation is a credible strategy that Mortimer does practice. Individual interviews, focus groups and surveys are used on with supporting data from documents. Other credible strategies include member checks and a prolonged study time (Munkhjargal, 2006). However, these were not applied throughout Mortimers study. finished triangulation of data collection methods, interviewing and data analysis, Mortimer has enhanced the validity of her work. Alongside these methods of data collection Mortimer has kept her focus on the objectives of her study. Mortimer has created transferability in her research through referencing literature collected on similar topics and areas.The research intentions are therefore found as a result of the work. That being stated, the subject field was very brief and a large amount of data could have been supplied to enhance the validity of the article. Without these any reader may believe that she has become too subjective in her decisions to understand her participants, reducing confimability in her work. Nevertheless, o ne can expect to ensure comparable results in similar settings from this study, making it clear that the researcher was dependable. On a whole it is clear that the research was valuable, Practical Tips For Schools was created and the objective of the study achieved.ReferencesAkin, M, Daillak, R White, P (1979) Using evaluation does evaluation make a difference? Beverly Hills Sage Volume 76.Ali, A Youseff H. (2011). Quality in Qualitative Studies. Issues in Social and Environement Accounting. 5 (1/2), p25-64.Bourque, Linda B. Coding. In The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Eds. Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman, and Timothy Futing Liao, v. 1, 132-136. green Oaks, Calif. Sage, 2004.Bradley, J. (1993). Methodological issues and practices in qualitative research. Library Quarterly, 63 (4), 431-449.Conrad, F Schober, M. (2005). daybook of Official Statistics. Promoting Uniform Question Understanding in Todays. 21 (2), P215-231Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design Choosing among five traditions (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage.Creswell, JW. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications.Dawson, M, Dawson, B Overfield, J. (2013). Reading for Your Research Project. In Unknown communication Skills for Biosciences. Unknown Wiley Blackwell. p67.Eby M 1991, Ethical issues in nursing research the wider picture. go for Researcher 3 (1), 5-13Emanuel, E Abdoler, E Stunkel, L. (2006). How to treat people who accede in research. Research Ethics. Unknown (6), p7.Fink Arlene (2005). Conducting Research Literture. 2nd Ed. capital of the United Kingdom SAGE. p46-58.Griffin, C. (2007). The advantages and limitation of qualitative research. Unknown. 11 (3), p127-156.Hammersley, M (2013). What is qualitative research?. capital of the United Kingdom Bloomsbury. p2.Holloway, I Whealer, s (2013). Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. tertiary Ed. We st Sussex Blackwell Publishing. p325.Jenson, H. (2010). The Logic of Qualitative Survey Research and its Position in the Field of Social Research Methods. Qualitative Social Research. 11 (2), p.Klente, K (2008). Qualitative Research in The Study of Leadership. Bingley Emerald Group. p11.Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., Westmorland, M.. (2007). Critical Review Form. easy http//www.srsmcmaster.ca/Portals/20/pdf/ebp/qualreview_version2.0.pdf. Last accessed fifteenth Jan 2015.Lincoln, YS. Guba, EG. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA Sage PublicationsMangel, S K (2013). Research Methodology in Behavioural Science. Unknown PH Learning Privert Limited. p45Munkhjargal, D. (2006). Data analysis. The Relationship Between Mathematical Discourse and the Curriculum. Unknown (3), p90.Patton, M (1990) Qualitative Education and Research Methods. 2nd Ed Newbury Park SagePitney, W Parker, J (2009). Qualitative Research in animal(prenominal) Activity and the He alth Professions. Canada Unknown. P63-64.Potit, F Beck, C (2013). Essentials of Nursing Research. 8th Ed. Unknown Walter Klue Health. p285.Saks, M., and Allsop, J., (2007) Researching Health, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods. London. SageSampson, H. (2005). Qualitative Research. Navigating the waves the usefulness of piloting in research. 4 (3), p383-402.Shenton, Andrew K. The analysis of qualitative data in LIS research projects A possible approach. Education for Information 22 (2004) 143-162Unknown. (2014). GOV.UK. Available https//www.gov.uk/schools-colleges-childrens-services/safeguarding-children. Last accessed 15th Jan 2015.1

Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime

sociological and Psychological Theories of horrorIn this task I am liberation to be face at dissimilar theories which pretend criminology, once I get going under virtuosos skin completed that I am going to research one sociological and one psychological possible action. At the corresponding time I am going to look at the ruler factors that aptitude bewitch police- severance. I am as well going to be expression at what criminology is and lots of different aspects of execration.Contents (Jump to)Biological Theoriesof savage offense nature vs nurtureSociological Theories of CrimeFunctionalismMertons hit openingMarxismLabelling TheoryChicago SchoolPsychological Theories of Crimepsychoanalytical speculationSocial nameing surmisalIntroductionWhat is criminology?Criminology is a subject which has a lot of different aspects to it. thither atomic number 18 a lot of different atomic number 18as why volumed number turn to consignting horror. The reasons argonSocio logyPsychologyBiology geographyLawAnthropologyWhat is abhorrence?My definition of annoyance would be that it is exclusively ab come forth subject that roughlyone has through with(p) wrong, which is breaking the law. So should be punished for it.A nonher definition for evil would be abomination is the breach of a rule or law for which or so g all overning authority or force may eventu whollyy prescribe a punishment.Right or wrong?We likewise had a class discussion ab proscribed what is offence and what is right and wrong? The comments that came up arAn act that is punish satisfactory by law.Something that just about(a)one has take ine which is il healthy. behavior which is contrary to the laws of society.I mean that a right reason for breaking the law if in that location was one would be if someone was so little and they didnt check whatever money to get either nutrient and they stole some food to keep them from starving to death. That isnt as bad as some crimes and they are only believeting the crime so they groundwork stay a brave out. A wrong reason for set upting a crime would be if someone murdered someone else. That is a wrong crime because thither ordain neer be a good plenteous reason for killing someone.Time and placeLaws are brought in universal joint and different take leaves of the country and also world. Some interpreters of different propagation and place laws cook come in are, in 1908 incest was not regarded as a sinful offence in the UK. Ein truthone k hot that it was wrong and that you shouldnt do it still it wasnt until 1908 that a law was brought in to stop lot who do commit the crime. An another(prenominal) example of this was that it wasnt il intelligent to usurpation within in marriage and that only changed in 1991, when it became nefarious.An example of places when it comes to laws is that some laws are different in some country than others. An example of this would be, in the Netherlands they are l egally allowed to restrain sex at the age of 12, yet in England they are only legally allowed to have sex when they are 16.In a class discussion we had a look at what efficiency be legal in volt years and what is legal now but wouldnt be legal in pentad years. A few examples of thing that talent not be legal in five years areDrinking age baron have gone up to age of 21.Driving age exponent go up so in that respect are go a trend be fewer accidents involving young drivers.Children allowed in pubs.Having a drinking whilst eating a meal with put ups.We also looked at laws that are illegal at the indorsement but they capacity be legal in five years. Examples of this would beSmoking cannabis might be made legal for everyone not just raft who need them for the medical reasons.They might have limited licenses that mean the great unwashed are allowed to smoke in pubs which have the license. explanation of why do pack commit crime? on that point are many reasons why lot com mit crime but they have been defined it into three cat egotismries. The three assemblages that they have been put into are biologic or transmitted, sociological and psychological.Biological or genetic this is hypothesis that race who have pull have inherited it from their parents. So they are essentially innate(p) as a criminal.Sociological this speculation is that batch leave alone commit crime on depending on who they companionableize with. They might do it because they are being pressured by the heap they socialise with.Psychological this is hypothesis s that tribe rendering commit crimes all depending on what their record is like. If there have a good somebodyality they are less(prenominal) possible to commit crime.Biological Theories for CrimeUnderlying which is also cognise as distal. Something that effect someone their whole life and it is being held mystifying d throw might cause them to commit crime. This might be how they were brought up when they w ere younger.Immediate this is also whap as proximal. Is where the border of a person include the mass they exit be hanging nearly with, might effect if someone commits crime or not.Factors that might change people to commit crime areCultural factors ( well-read social behaviour). This could be their family or even where they come from. It could relate their religion and what they are told they should and should not do. proponent of peer group. This could be friends because they might feel pressured to commit crime because all of their mates are. They might indigence to fit in a group and to be in that group they may have to do something to record they are good enough.Media- the media can affect people in a lot of different focussings. It can switch people happy, sad or even angry. They have affect on people to do things might not normally do.StatisticsStatistic is something where they go come forward collect data and put on averages and probabilities out of the result s. One of many statistics is that men are twice to a greater extent likely to commit a crime than women are. Another statistic is that 16 24 have the highest rate for crime in twain sexes.BIOLOGY nature v nurtureNature and nurture depart come into to forms when it comes to crime. They have two different candidates on why people commit crime. The two different views are that people are born a criminal or they are made a criminal once they are born.NatureThis is a theory where they believe that people are born the way they are and they bustt develop into the way they are now. So when crime is involved they have the theory that they get out be born as a criminal, and they dont develop it over time. It ordain come d knowledge to the genetic inheritance, if their parents are criminals they will become a criminal as well because of the genetic inheritance. They will label that genetic determination is inherited which includes the tendency to commit crime. Not many people still b elieve in this theory it came approximately in the archaean stages of the last century, when biologists like Darwin where about.They did studies with correspond, which are identical. This means that they are the similar in everyway including the same genes. They studied both of the children to see if one of them or both of them become a criminal. They also looked if one did commit a crime the other one is more(prenominal) likely to commit a crime. This is known as concordance. This is more likely to happen with Identical twins than just twins because identical twins have the same genes but twins only share half.A study which supports this theory with evidence is Goldman and Cottesman (1995). They have evidence to support this theory because they collectioned that if one identical twin does one thing the other one is more likely to do it as well. But they also found that they are in the as environs so they have been brought up the same. Maybe if they were apart it might be dif ferent.NurtureThis is a theory where they dont believe it is anything to do with genetic inheritance. They phone that everyone is born normal and that lived experiences affect if we will commit crime in are life time or not. sealed areas that might affect why people will commit crime are petty(a) family income- they might have any money so they have might have to resort to crime because they will want to buy things that everyone else have, like the latest toys and because they cant bear with to pay for them they might steal the instead.Poor child-rearing techniques- if their parents dont use up their child up right they might know what is wrong and they might think that stealing is wearable.Large families- that could many reasons like if they had a large family they might not have enough money to depict for them, or they might commit a crime because they dont get overmuch attention so they do it to get attention, etc.Low educational fulfilment- that is because they will have no qualifications, so they will not be able to get a credit line so they wint have any money to pay for anything which might make them resort to crime.My own viewMy own view on the biological science would be that I check off with the nurture theory because I dont think that people are born the way they are. I disagree with the nature theory because in some families the parents have never committed a crime and they have a child and that commits crime. It shows that it is naught to do with being born in a certain way. I think that people commit crime because of people who are around them who can influence them. I think it is all down to influences.Sociological Theories of CrimeIn this I am going to be looking at different theories. The theories that I am going to be looking at areFunctionalismMarxismLabelling TheoryChicago SchoolFunctionalismThis is a theory which was positive from Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Emile Durkheim theory was all based his own theory that people want to be able to live and work, they need to have a strong sense of social order. This means that there has to rules and regulations, and there is forever each a right or wrong answer. He idea they needed rules because people will abide by them, he legal opinion that if there wasnt any rules or anything everything would break down.Crime is universal and normalDurkheim has come to the conclusion that crime is normal because it happens everywhere in every country, all over the globe. He thinks that it is normal because it has al ways happened and plausibly will always happen.Crime is relativeThis is where the rate of crime is changing all the time. It will change because crime depends on certain factors. Factors that it depends on are things like time, culture, society, and etc. culture might affect the quantity of crime because some cultures are more into crime than other cultures.Crime is functional and necessaryDurkheim also thinks that crime is necessary in some ways because w hen people are committing crimes, the government are making new laws to try and punish people when they do commit that crime. This will show criminals that are thinking of committing a crime will not want to because they know what the punishment. It sets boundaries for people and if they commit crimes they will be punished. Functionalism and anomieThis is where there is a major change in society. This will affect people in different ways it all depending on what changes. An example of this is depression, they will lower their sights and expectations but if there is a boom people will react completely different and they will set their sights higher. This will affect functionalism because it will affect the way people live and work. It will either make it better for them or worse.My own viewWhen it comes to functionalism theory I think that some of the aspects of the theory are right but some arent. I agree with the fact that we need rules and regulations to live are lives and that if there wasnt any, everything would break down. I also agree with bringing in laws to stop people from committing offences. I think that if someone has committed a crime that they should be punished for it. So that I agree with basically all of the aspects of the theory.Mertons strain theoryThis is another theory that Durkheim came up with. This theory is all to do with where they took the anomie theory further and developed it. This theory is all to do with anomie and how it encourages people to do better. It encourages for people to strive for wealth. The only thing that it wont be the same from person to person. It all depends on the person. Not everyone will strive to achieve the same thing. Durkheim came up with this theory in 1938. This theory breaks down into five sections. He talks about 5 different ways in which people are able to adapt to the change when the strive comes.Conformity- this is where they accept what they have been given and get on with it. An example of this would be in work, they have been given a task to do and they accept that they have to do it and just get on with it.Innovation- this is the opposite of ritualism. Innovation is where they will accept the cultural goals and they will stick to them but the way in which they achieve it like the traditional way, they will reject it and achieve them in their on way. They might resort to illegitimate ways or illegal ways.Ritualism- this is where they will reject the cultural goals that are there but they will accept and comply with the means of completing something. This would be the traditional ways of achieving things that they have to do. This would be known as bureaucrat. This is where they will do the job to what it is worth they will not put any more ride than what is needed to complete the task.Retreatism- this is the less extreme form of rebellion. They will not accept the social goals, aims and method. They will not comply with them. They will be a drop out of society.Rebellion- this is where they will not accept any of the social goals, which means that they will go by their own rules and do what they want. They will do what they want, not what other people tell them to do. An example of this would be terrorists because that is going against the social goals and rules.When it comes to relating this to crime. You can relate it because he came up with within the theory that people who are in lower classes are more likely to commit crimes because they have more of a strain than people in higher class. They also came up with a theory that working class is more likely to commit crime. The only thing that also he could not find out when it comes to crime is that is postal code to do with finance and people in classes. They can not apologise why people are killed and assaulted when it isnt anything to do with money.He also found out that not everyone has the same goals it all depends on a lot of factors like living, finance, religion and many more. Merton could not explain why people will choose one adaption other another one.My own viewI agree with the theory, the only thing that I dont agree with is that I dont think that people are split into some many groups. I think that there should only be three groups. The three groups that I think there should be are conformity, ritualism and also rebellion.MarxismThis is a theory that Karl Marx came up with in (1818- 1883). This theory includes information about the new criminology, Critical criminology, Radical criminology, go forth realism, Conflict theory.His theory wasnt much to do with crime, it was more so to do with economics and ownership are the major power influences in society. Examples of this that the more land you own the more powers you have. They will employee people to work on the land. Which also help with the theory that they will have more power than the people working on the land. The Bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production.The childbed are the working class es. He believes that there is always a difference among classes which will lead to social change. It is basically a engagement between middle class and toil. Bad behaviour was seen as things someone does that the people in power do not approve of. The people in power will bring in laws if they think that the people who are behaving in a bad way are at danger of taking over.Crime comes from the unfairness and also the corrupt nature of the society. The way in which working people were treated. The reasons why working people committed crime was because they were fighting against the repression.The bourgeoisie decided what should be laws and what shouldnt be. The parturiency listen and just thought they were normal. The reasons why the bourgeoisie brought in the laws was to make sure that the proletariat dont try and take over and take their place.Crimes of the BourgeoisieCrimes of the Proletariattax tarradiddlebenefit fraudembezzlementtheftpollutionassaultcorporate crime malici ous mischiefThis table shows the different types of crimes that both categories are close to likely to commit. The bourgeoisie group are most likely to create pollution because if they own factories as their own business. They will have fumes coming out and if there are too many they will be polluting the surrounding area and the earth.The proletariat group are most likely to commit crimes like theft because they dont get paid much money for doing jobs for the bourgeoisie. This means that they may not be able to provide for their families properly which might force them to commit crimes. The two groups crimes are so different, the bourgeoisie will do because they know they can get away with it and save more money but the proletariat might do it so they can live properly and provide for their families.Labelling TheoryThis is a theory that a theorist called Becker came up with. His theory was completely different to the other theory because they blame crime on society where as in thi s theory it is all to do with people who label people. This is where people label an act as a criminal offence.If people didnt label them people wouldnt think they were a criminal thing or a wrong thing to do. It wont be a crime till we say it is. In this theory they say that it is not the criminal who is responsible, its the society. He pointed out that most people have committed a crime in their life at some time, big or small. Most people have been caught for doing it so they havent been labelled. The only difference between people and criminals is that they have been caught for it and labelled as a criminal.My own viewI agree with this in some ways but I dont agree in others. I agree that some crimes should be labelled because some people might look at it and think that it isnt a crime but it actually turns out to be. I dont think that some crimes dont need labelling because everyone morally knows what is right and what is wrong. So everyone knows that killing someone isnt right so I dont think crime with seriousness of that doesnt need labelling.Chicago SchoolThis is a theory that was made by the Chicago school developed. It all came about in the 1930s in America. It relates to Robert Parks theory where he talked about urban ecology. They looked at the people and what happen when there are bionomical changes in the environment. This could result in people competing for space, invasion of territory and also dominance of other groups of people.This pictures shows where crime is more likely to happen. It is based on a concentric zone theory where different zones and Burgess points out that more crime will be committed in the entwine and the zone in transition.(Criminology_theories and effects on portal in crime and its effect on society folder.)My own viewI agree with this theory in the fact that the area that people live can affect people to commit crime, but I think it is to focused around that one aspect why people commit crime. An example of this would be peer groups, family etc.Psychology Theories of CrimeThere are two different parts of psychological. The two different areas that I am going to be looking at arepsychoanalyticalal theorySocial learning theoryPsychoanalytical theoryPsychoanalytic theory which is also known as Freudian theory is where they think that people are being dominated by unconscious forces and drive by sexual and high-pressure desires. The theory also says that we are not free and we arent in charge of ourselves. So something else does everything for us. Freud came up with three state of the mindThe id the childlike demanding side of a personThe ego the rational logical sideThe super ego the moral part of our personalityHe came up with the theory that if parents do not socialise with their children enough, they will not be able to develop the super ego properly which might result in them not being able to control their ID. Which means that it can lead to bad and also noxious behaviour.My own viewWhen it comes to this theory I dont agree with it in the sense that it is all to do with sexual and aggressive drives. I think it is just to do with thoughts not sexual or aggressive thoughts. I also disagree in some ways with if the parent dont show enough attention to their children they would stay in the ID stage. I think that they might slightly be affected but not to the extent that he says it will be.Social learning theoryThis is all about behavioural psychology. Behavioural psychology is where they people learn behaviour and they are able to maintain it by rewards and also sanctions. When this comes to crimes, they say that crime has either been learned or it is a failure of socialization process. This is where they were never taught what was right or wrong. They say crime is a learned behaviour, which doesnt differ from any other learning experience.Criticism of the social learning theoryThe criticism that was made was that people are very different and no-one is the same and that you dont know how someone will react to punishment. Someone might be happy but some people might not. All depends on the person. The theory assumes individuals are peaceful and unquestioning. It neglects the influence the influence of media and wider cultureOther contributing factors to crimeThere are other factors that affect why people commit crime than the ones that I have covered. The other factors that might affect people areFamily Farrington and West (1990) they found that a small amount of people will commit crime because of their family. They write up for the large proportion of criminal activity. Families account for a small amount of it though. (UK most crime committed by 10% of the population).Economic factors this shows that people from low economic are more likely to commit crime or involved in criminal activities. Benyan (1994) and Harrower (1998) looked into this theory and found that the nature been poverty and crime will never be a rock solid evidence to prove wh y people commit crime.Peer pressure this is where friends and also peer groups influence people to commit crime. They might do it because they want to be in a group. Or they feel like an idiot if they dont do what everyone else is doing. This would normally happen in gangs.Education a pitiable education can affect it because if they dont like it. They might not go which might turn them to committing crime because they have nothing else to do.My own viewI think that these all contribute to crime in a major way. I think that normally most contributes to crime would be peer pressure because you will be with your friends and other peer so they affect a lot of different things you do and also how you live your life. I think that family is close behind because they will teach you what is right and wrong when you are younger so that you know for when you are older.

The Concept Of The Value Chain

The Concept Of The Value ChainThe notion of the time prize reach encompasses the activities that companies perform to achieve that belligerent utility, where the competitive advantage is having the competency to create higher-up think of to its customers and at the same time superior value to themselves. Value fibril analysis together with supply and essential chain analysis ar staples of Modern Business Management. An effective military control strategy must encompass each(prenominal) separate of the value chain configuration which includes both immemorial and secondary activities.The value chain concept was first set outed by Michael Porter (1958) in his work on Competitive Advantage in which he analyses the basis for competitive advantage and presents the value chain as a framework for diagnosing and enhancing it. more(prenominal)(prenominal) either all everyplace since then there has been a considerable amount of work by means of to expand on Porters origi nal concept. Today more and more Managers are using value chain analysis part of strategic planning.The carry through with(predicate) of globalization incorporates the interaction and integration amongst people, companies and governments of different nations. According to Black 2002 globalisation is defined as-..process by which the whole knowledge base becomes a sensation trade. This means that goods and services, capital and labour are exchanged on a world wide basis and information and the results of research flow readily in the midst of countriesThrough globalisation economies both domestically and internationally have been candid up. Governments have adopted a free market economics systems whereby change magnitude their own productive potential in addition to creating opportunities for international trade and involvement. There is alike the controversial aspect of globalisation where prop integritynts argue that through globalisation poor countries and their citizen s are allowed to grow economically. On the new(prenominal) conk opponents of globalisation cl reckon that internationals of the western world eudaemonias at the expense of local anaesthetic enterprises, cultures and the common people.BPBP is a multinational crude oil go with with it headquarters found in the linked Kingdom, London. It is one of the worlds conduce 10 private sphere of influence energy corporations in the world today. BP is engaged in oil, essential turgidness and alternative elicit exploration in addition to the marketing and barter of pet mappingum products. They are likewise at the forefront of delivering diverse, material and sincere solutions to meet the worlds needs for more, cleaner and affordable energy. Bp operates worldwide with branches in Africa, Asia and the meat East, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America with acts in over 80 countries. Their largest division is BP America, which is the biggest producer of oil and scre w up in the United States of America. bps operating income in 2009 was USD $ 26.43 billion with a revenue of USD $ 246.1 billion. As at Dec 2009 they employed 80,600. In 2000 BP Amoco changed their name to BP and introduced a impertinently slogan Beyond Petroleum. They also replaced their Green Shield logo with the Helios symbol, a green and yellow sunflower pattern representing energy in its many forms. (Wikipedia 2010)BPs rapid growth in world trade and investment is a direct result of the globalisation process in which multinational companies increasingly target parts of the globe as their domestic market. Since value chain is utilised to develop an organisations sustainable competitive advantage, it has become a mogulful tool for Managers. The ability of any organisation to identify depict activities and by extension perform activities along the line of value chain would create that competitive advantage that Michael porter spoke about.Through its fib Bp has invested in c ountries abroad such as the US, Middle East, Iraq Egypt, Indonesia and Trinidad and Tobago. In doing so they have been able to secure large oil reserves and be identified as one of the largest oil and gas exploration company ion the world today. Being true to their values of being progressive, innovative and execution driven they have integrated the key activities of the value chain to the benefit of their customersBPs global strategy in their surgical operations has assisted in their objective for being cost competitive through the securing of various economies of scale. Their sedate investment in the U.S. is testimony to this, since the U.S. remains one of the most mercenary markets in the world for energy and energy re after-hoursd resources. They consume over 1.2 billion litters of oil per year an this figure is constantly growing. This together with political stability, infrastructure and transport mechanisms are vital ingredients towards BPs investments there.Through merge rs and acquisitions over the years, Bp has managed to receive that competitive advantage. With the acquisition of Valdes oil terminal in the late 60s, Standard Oil of Ohio in the 70s and the merging of Amoco in 2000 they captured most of the US. market share. By maintained this by continuing to sell Amoco branded products through their service stations although they were already converted to reflect the BP brand, as Amoco was rated surmount petroleum by consumers.Today BP continues to seek mergers and acquisition s worldwide in an effort to bring in additional revenue, increased profits, inappropriate assets and Human resources. Using an appraisal system based on the porters quintette forces which key elements include Threat of potential entrants,(2) substitutes, (3) bargaining power of suppliers and (40 power of buyers, together with an exploration of (5) degree of competitive rivalry, BOP appears to be exceedingly competitive in their area of production.Through increased explo ration in new territorities such as Asia Pacific, Azerbaijan, Angola, Trinidad Gulf of Mexico and in more new-fangled times Russia, BP is able to increase assets and by extension establish lead position in these areas.With the liberalisation of markets, advancement of technology and new regulative regimes that stress greater competition international competition has increased. As a result Multinationals are forced to become more efficient in areas of production and marketing to achieve that sustainable competitive advantage. All organisations live of activities that link together to develop the value of its business. Together these activities form the organisations value chain. Bps value chain over the years has become more complex. One of the ways they have addressed this is by diversifying their operations of petroleum exploration and refining system into retailing in cafes, bakeries and convenience stores. Their aim is not only to ensure customer satisfaction but also to be a n attraction to prospective customers by marketing differentiated products, thence creating a competitive edge and becoming more effectively line up to its customers needs.As mentioned earlier all organisations consist of activities that when linked together develop the value of the business and form the value chain. These activities are referred to as the primary and secondary activities, where primary is related to production inclusive of inbound and outward-bound logistics, operations, marketing and sales and service. The secondary or support activities assist in the effectiveness and efficiency of the company.Bp to date has effectively utilised both logistic and value chain strategies in its overseas operations. In doing so, they have achieved competitive strengths and core competencies in the market place, ultimately creating value for the customer.Inbound logisticsA substantial part BPs production is derived from a number of oil and gas fields worldwide. The oil and gas are transported via a serial publication of pipelines and ships to various conversion facilities like refineries, power stations and industrial facilities at different locations. The use of BP shipping, a subsidiary of the BP group also provides the logistics to give way oil and gas cargoes. The BP management fleet consists of Very Large unmannerly Carriers (VLCCs), liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) carriers and coasters. Bp has also shifted slightly of their exploration activities from Alaska and the North Sea since leaks were discovered in the pipelines and represent a threat to the environment. Explorations are now concentrated in the Soviet Union, Rumaila and The Gulf of Mexico. Through pioneering new technologies such as digital imaging of reservoirs there is also the potential to discover additional oil and gas out of some of their mature fields. BPs interest in the Canadian Oil sands also provides a unique opportunity for creating a balance in upstream production and downstream conversion.OperationsThe operation of BP is spread over six continents. As at 2004 there were 23 refineries of which 5 are in the US, 12 in Europe and 6 in other parts of the world. At the refineries crude oil is lithe through a process called cracking during which it is cleaned and purified, separating gasoline, fuel oil and other hydro carbons.Over the years the demands for energy has been on the increase and as a result Bp has invested heavily in the promotion of alternative energy in addition to improving energy efficiency in their operations.Safety has also become a top priority In BPs operation and is viewed as fundamental to their success. Consequently, they are constantly upgrading their refineries to improve guard. This has resulted in lesion rates reducing by close to 75%.Outbound logisticsBPs transport network criss-crosses the globe. They control an international tanker fleet of more than thirty-five vessels, either fully owned o r on long charter . Finished products such as fuel lubricants and chemical products are transported to various destinations through different methods. Fuels, for example are transported domestically through a vast truck and rail system, which is then stored in tanks at service stations to be retailed to the consumer. For the international market the finished product is transported via carriers which are then loaded onto trucks and rail cars for distribution. In the case of natural gas, depending on the location of the field it is transported through pipes to local distribution companies (LDC), or shipped using LNG carriers.Marketing and SalesThis departments main strategy is to operate in markets where they can get the largest share and ensuring that it is kept well supplied at all times by supply advantage. The introduction of retail sites with convenient stores is one of the strategies adopted to achieve thisEnvironmental issues such as global calefacient have forced BP to addre ss the issue of climate change. Their initial meter was the changing of its brand image and logo. Being true to their values, BP is continuously pursuit to increase energy efficiency throughout their operations. They also work alongside vehicle and equipment manufacturers, towards improving overall efficiency in the use of their fuel and lubricants. Bp has also differentiated themselves from their competitors by playing a leading role in the growing low carbon energy sector, focusing on bio fuels, wind and solar energy and carbon capture and storage.ServicesThe habituation of oil, gas and energy related industries from unstable and or difficult parts of the world have always been a concern for many countries. Although the charge volatility over the past few years has softened some of these concerns, they continue to exist. Terrorism in particular has become a top priority since September 11 20011. Consequently, Bp has taken steps in securing all activities along its value chain . Additionally, it is quite evident that BPs commitment towards safety and climate change is constantly growing.

catcher in the rye :: essays research papers

As defined in The Ameri corporation Heritage Dictionary, symbol is defined as the practice of representing things by destines of symbols or of attributing symbolical meanings of significance to objects. The book The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger was the solo novel he has written. The novel The Catcher in the Rye is approximately a boy named Holden Caulfield whos trying to find himself and w lid hes supposed to do with his life. Through his journey he gets kicked out of many schools, interacts with unusual characters, and has many different events that are unusual. Throughout the novel, he result be told he needs some kind of help and at the end he too will realize it himself. Why is Holdens red hunting hat significant because, his hat is red alike Allies hair, hes hunting for truth, and he wears it like a catcher.First, Holdens red hunting hat is significant because of him wanting to be the Catcher in the Rye. Also, Holdens red hunting hat demonstrates symbolisation bec ause his hat is representing the fact that he wants to save kids from losing their innocence by contagious them as would a catcher do.And I am rest on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I build to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre issue I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all (173 Salinger). Also, Holdens trying to save kids from making the same mistakes that he would by catching them before jumping into maturity he doesnt want them to get up making the same mistakes that he did. Holden soon realizes that he cant catch every single kid from falling into adulthood because it isnt in his powers to help them because its a move they have to take.Second, Holdens red hunting hat has another significance which is macrocosm that its the same color as the color of Allies hair. This demonstrates symbolism because he really didnt have a closer family with Allie. He feels bad that he had blown them off those few multiplication that he wanted to hang out with him. Also, Allies red hair and Holdens red hat reminds Holden about his brother and what he meant to him.

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay -- Great Expectations Essay

Great Expectations by Charles demonIn Great Expectations, Dickens wants to explore what it means to be agentleman in the rapidly changing Victorian England. He suggests that currency is not everything, only when you need some to get yourself started inthe world. cosmos a gentleman means that you have to be moral, kind,courteous, hard working, financially independent and educated. berthsexperiences of social class, in some ship canal mirror those of Dickenschildhood. Dickens parents were middle class but move down the classladder when they moved house, (they moved from quite a nice house intoa slightly smaller house in a slightly less desirable area, over andover again, repayable to financial problems, hence moving down the classladder) which happened quite often. We posit that they have downwardsocial mobility.In the early stages of Great Expectations, blister experiences manydifferent types of social classes. These include the criminal classand the speed class, two very dif ferent classes.Dickens explores the idea of a moderne gentleman through Pipsexperiences at the beginning of the novel, Pip is in his own village,surrounded by people just ex counterchangeable him and of his own class. Then, he istaken to Satis House where he meets Estella, who is of a much(prenominal) higherclass. Estella changes his views on becoming an apprentice to Joe inthe forge previously Pip looks forward to it, supposeing that it is thebest thing in the world, but he changes his views drastically after hemeets Estella because he believes that Estella will think that he iseven more common than she already does. Jaggers, who is a lawyerrepresenting Pips benefactor, comes to see him and informs him thathe will inherit a grand property later in life... ...nce again, thanks to Pip.Pip discovers that Mr. Jaggers housekeeper, molly is Estellas motherand that Magwitch, his benefactor, is her father. Orlick, who used tobe one of Joes apprentices, confessed to assail Mrs. Joe after heattempted to murder Pip. He is sent to the county lock up after breakinginto Mr. Pumblechooks house.Magwitch has a struggle with Compeyson, the man who stood up MissHavisham on her wedding day and ruined her life, and Compeyson dies,after betraying Magwitch. afterward being abroad for 11 years, Piprealizes that he has neglected Joe and hen and apologizes to themwhen he comes back, a self-made man. He realizes that his ways mustchange and begins the long and difficult process of becoming a truegentleman. He also goes to Satis House and visits Estella. He seesthat she is no longer as black-hearted as she used to be.

I, Too, Am America :: essays research papers

I, Too, Am Americaby kooshla     America, the melting pot of the world, and nonetheless its different races haveso much trouble melding to issue forthher. According to statistics, in all(prenominal) probability,I have a higher chance than whatever another(prenominal) race teen of not graduating from highschool. By stereotype, all I do is eat fried chicken, sell drugs, and playbasketball. In society, I might work twice as hard as the next man and not getthe promotion. I am a part of the percentage who chooses to defy theprobability, break the stereotype, and change society. I, Too, Am America.     Unfortunately, in my experience through junior and senior high, thecommon sear spatial relation towards education has been one of neglect. Not caringabout one "F," or the other, c beening through high school with a gpa of 1.5.However, there are those who really care about their grades, earning the respectof their peers and friends. I st rive to be in the latter group, so that I canbetter myself. For each black student who makes that extra effort, that bettergrade, there will be another person who becomes more enlightened to the factsand not the fiction of black life in America. In the act of improving my mind,I am not only helping myself but furthering the cause for complete equivalencethroughout the nation.      As part of Americas black youth, I must wax up in a world of racism,no matter what suppose "huge steps" have been made. It is up to me not to usethis as an excuse but as an obstacle to surmount. In my lifetime I will befaced with prejudice which may hinder my progress. This inverse must not bemet with excuses for substandard work, or inadequate concern qualification. It mustbe met with a serious work ethic, justly qualify applicants, and intelligenceso not to be denied for any reason. Through this routine black people willgain equality and vanquish the racialist mentalit y. I will be one of those peopleto meet the obstructer with full force of mind.     I am a black teenager who plays soccer and tennis. Some times I amridiculed for playing these sports by other blacks. I also face ridicule when Imake ingenuous grades and care about my school work. There will be times when I willhave to fight against my own race to get where I want to be in life. My highschool line of achievement is one of those times. I am and will continue to be myself. Iwill not stray from my path.

Beth The Pig Humorous Story :: essays research papers

Beth the PigOnce-upon-a-time, in that respect was a farmer named Phildo, who owned a pig. The pigs name was Beth, and she weighed about xii hundred pounds. Phildo was very proud of her. Everywhere he went Beth was right there behind him. People passing him along the sidewalk would say vertical morning and comment on how hippo-like Beth. Phildo would smile and raise his hat ingenuous morning.By the time of the spring f advertize, she weighed in at slightly oer one thousand, quin hundred pounds. When word spread that there was a pig at the spring fair that weighed one thousand pounds, masses came from all all over the tri-state scope. Someone even gave Phildo a dozen peaches and few Wolfschmidt vodka for the right to sell Beth T-shirts and baseball caps. Wolfschmidts and peaches were what Phildo loved. That is, more than women anyway. Crowds gathered in front of her pen. People pointed cameras and flashes at her. On the third day of the fair, a television crew came down to d o a story for the five oclock news. Phildo couldnt perplex been happier. Even after the fair was over, and Beth was in her own pen, the quite a little still drove up every morning to see Beth and have their picture taken with her.Every day she seemed to look at bigger and bigger. password crews camped outside Phildo house so they could give up to the minute reportage on the ever-growing pig. One of the news crews arranged to have a dental plate brought down so they could weigh her.One day a sort of government officials came by to see the pig. They took blood samples, soil samples, and even air samples. They asked Phildo all sorts of questions. How old was she? Why was her head so big? Who did she ware? Phildo answered, I grave not to answer these questions, just give me my vodka and get out of my face The next day the government officials declared the area of Phildo farm to be off limits to the public. The crowds were restrained at the entrance to the driveway. on that point were scientists all over the farm taking measurements, while men in dark suits with sunglasses sat in the kitchen asking Phildo the same questions over and over, and asking if there was something, that explain this tremendous growth of fat Beth the pig. Helicopters set down from time to time, and people with walkie-talkies got out and gave orders to the other anonymous government officials.

Graduation Speech: You ALL Have What it Takes :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The past three years I sat everyplace on my left, drenched in this scorching gym, playing Pomp and context on my tenor saxophone until I thought my lungs were going to explode. Well, we had to encumbrance and watch the rest of the graduation, during which I would usually space out, and sometimes look to myself It is taking so long to get up on that stage. tons of us felt this way even last week, bombarded with the last theme of projects and assignments that seem to cram themselves into an astonishingly small amount of time.Finally, the Class of 2012 is almost to enter what some fool once called the authoritative world. Shockingly enough, classmates, from what Ive heard, the material world looks almost the same as the one here. There be things to like and dislike, freedoms and restrictions you might grumble over, and flock of integrity and deceit. But we bequeath not be surrounded by three-foot slabs of brick everyday. And if upon leaving you find lot trying to make hous es out of mud and sticks, it is not a westbound Civ movie. You atomic number 18 probably staring at very poor people, so help them out.Before going any further, I strongly aim all my classmates to thank their families tonight. This is our classs last night together, but quite before long it impart be our last night as a process of our parents permanent households. I am going to take my opportunity objurgate here. Mom and Dad, Tom and Jess, thanks for all the encouragement, support, and most important contend and affection you constitute shown me every day. Without you, I am quite certain(predicate) I would not be standing here and quite perchance might not curb graduated tonight. Because of my great family, I have successfully overcome all sorts of downturns in eighteen short years. I figured I would not shy away from saying this in front of a crowd if I wrote it down in my speech, so, to my familyI complete you.To succeed in this real world, we all need to offend our own unique niche. I say this, but I reach it must be done in actions, not words. I own I have no idea what mine will be. I have not even figured out what gen durationl land of interest I wish to explore.This indecision, which I am not entirely in experiencing, is made all the more complicated by the season we are entering.Graduation Speech You ALL Have What it Takes Graduation Speech, rise AddressThe past three years I sat over on my left, drenched in this scorching gym, playing Pomp and retainer on my tenor saxophone until I thought my lungs were going to explode. Well, we had to await and watch the rest of the graduation, during which I would usually space out, and sometimes forecast to myself It is taking so long to get up on that stage. divide of us felt this way even last week, bombarded with the last concourse of projects and assignments that seem to cram themselves into an astonishingly small amount of time.Finally, the Class of 2012 is close to enter what some fool once called the real world. Shockingly enough, classmates, from what Ive heard, the real world looks almost the same as the one here. There are things to like and dislike, freedoms and restrictions you might grumble over, and people of integrity and deceit. But we will not be surrounded by three-foot slabs of brick everyday. And if upon leaving you find people trying to make houses out of mud and sticks, it is not a westbound Civ movie. You are probably staring at very poor people, so help them out.Before going any further, I strongly rede all my classmates to thank their families tonight. This is our classs last night together, but quite presently it will be our last night as a fraction of our parents permanent households. I am going to take my opportunity just here. Mom and Dad, Tom and Jess, thanks for all the encouragement, support, and most important love and affection you have shown me every day. Without you, I am quite certain(p) I would not be standing here and qu ite maybe might not have graduated tonight. Because of my great family, I have successfully overcome all sorts of downturns in eighteen short years. I figured I would not shy away from saying this in front of a crowd if I wrote it down in my speech, so, to my familyI love you.To succeed in this real world, we all need to acquire our own unique niche. I say this, but I watch it must be done in actions, not words. I fink I have no idea what mine will be. I have not even figured out what general state of interest I wish to explore.This indecision, which I am not all in experiencing, is made all the more complicated by the era we are entering.

Truman Capotes In Cold Blood: Comparison of Book and Movie Essay

In low temperature pedigree is a tragic story of two men, Eugene Hickock and PerryEdward, who murder an completed family in search of m hotshoty and then find themselvesrunning from the law. piece musical composition the admit, Truman Capote used only facts tocreate a apologue turn up of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject, besides his problem was fashioning his book read like a novel. He accomplished this byadding negotiation and describing characters feelings. This technique is used inthe film as fountainhead when flashbacks of characters childhoods ar shown.The different spells are handled very well in the movie. The briny plotobviously is the murders and the run from the law. Other subplots that areshown are metalworkers intimate employment with his past in which his father deserted him,and at one point, had a gun pointed to his head. Also there appears to betension in the midst of Smith and Hickock. They gestate differently at times, especi eitherywhen it comes to the discussion of the crime. You cant tending but feelsympathetic towards Smith, as it appears that he is forced into this by Hickock. both characters in the movie were played well by the actors in my opinion. Theyall seemed real and seemed to fit in with the setting and the time period.I think that Hickock and Smith are not victims of forces beyond theircontrol, they are victims of, at least in Smiths case, a bad upbringing. Thetwo murderers have no oversight in their lives. The only skills that Hickockseems to know is... Truman Capotes In Cold riptide Comparison of Book and Movie EssayIn Cold Blood is a tragic story of two men, Eugene Hickock and PerryEdward, who murder an entire family in search of money and then find themselvesrunning from the law. While writing the book, Truman Capote used only facts tocreate a novel out of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject,but his problem was making his book read like a novel. H e accomplished this byadding dialogue and describing characters feelings. This technique is used inthe film as well when flashbacks of characters childhoods are shown.The different plots are handled very well in the movie. The main plotobviously is the murders and the run from the law. Other subplots that areshown are Smiths internal fight with his past in which his father deserted him,and at one point, had a gun pointed to his head. Also there appears to betension between Smith and Hickock. They think differently at times, especiallywhen it comes to the discussion of the crime. You cant help but feelsympathetic towards Smith, as it appears that he is forced into this by Hickock.All characters in the movie were played well by the actors in my opinion. Theyall seemed real and seemed to fit in with the setting and the time period.I think that Hickock and Smith are not victims of forces beyond theircontrol, they are victims of, at least in Smiths case, a bad upbringing. Thetwo murderer s have no direction in their lives. The only skills that Hickockseems to know is...

HR Training Strategy :: essays research papers

IntroductionSince the commencement the merchandise of the Bahrain telecom pains, it has gone through major structural changes. As with most opening of commercialises of former human race companies, the government wished to inspect increase efficiency in the assistance of telecom. Nouradeen (2005)By opening the market, the government hoped that the incentive of higher dinero would act as a reward for efficiency, meaning that more stew would be made in research and development of new techniques so as to make the service more efficient. In order to base on balls savings onto the consumer, the telecommunication companies would have to work under certain restrictions enforce by the government and the telecommunication regulator, (TRA), which were designed to prevent private monopolies exploiting the consumer.The need of this project is to investigate to what extent the manufacturing has changed since these changes were implemented and how the price of telecommunication to c onsumers has been affected by these changes. The opening of the market in this industry has seen cardinal main stagesFirstly, Batelco, a company which was effectively a monopoly ran from the 1960s until the beginning step to opening the market in 2003. This stage on the pathway to opening the market was to introduce disputation in direct come forth for customers, thus introducing the idea of competition into the industry, allowing a small proportion of the market to be run to a certain extent by the market mechanism. By 2003 the telecommunication company was introduced mtc Vodafone and was set up to provide meandering(a) services for the country. TRA(2003). This effectively meant that in a particular area of service a different company was in a position of to require competition to the sole provider in mobile services. (Which was regulated by the government). Akhbar Alkhaleej (142003)The question that I wish to answer is -To what extent did the restructuring of the telecommuni cation industry affect the price of telecommunication to consumers and for what reasons did this occur?Economic ConceptsThe market for telecommunication in the Bahrain has undergone several important structural changes as outlined in the introduction to the coursework. Initially, before opening the market, the telecommunication market was a public monopoly which meant that although it had all of the features of a monopoly it was controlled and owned by the government and thus it was think to provide the best price for the consumer. However, the idea of opening the market the industry was that the extra competition found in the market would allow the consumer to see a further fall in price, particularly as the competition should have increased finance of research and development and therefore increased efficiency in the market.

Effective Foreshadowing in King Lear :: King Lear essays

Effective Foreshadowing in faggot Lear The root scene of a play usu every(prenominal)y sets up the basic basiss and situations that the symmetricalness will work with. In Shakespeares play female monarch Lear, the genuinely first scene presents many of the plays basic themes and images. The recurrent imagery of world senses and of nothing, the distortion of familial and social ties, the gradual dissolution of Lears kingship, all turn over their first appearances in the first lines of Shakespeares play. Much of the imagery in King Lears first scene presages what is to come in the play. Often characters refer to senses, curiously sight, whether as a comment on the necessity of sensing consequences in the beginning acting (as Lear does not), or as yet another of Shakespeares comments (most apparent in Hamlet) on seeming. The destruction of Gloucesters eyes and his subsequent musings (I stumbled when I axiom (IV.i.19) etc.) are a more graphical presentation of this basic the me which originally appears in Lears first scene. Goneril declares Lear is dearer than eyesight (I.i.56) to her (though she is the one who later suggests displace Gloucesters eyes out for his treachery). Regan goes further, proclaiming I profess / Myself an enemy to all other joys / Which the most precious square of sense possesses (I.i. 72-74). Crossed in his wrath by Kent, Lear cries Out of my sight (I.i.157), only to be reproved with Kents empathize better, Lear, and let me still remain / The true blank of thine eye. (I.i.158-9). Lears dialogue with Cordelia on nothing introduces yet another theme in the plays imagery, echoing, among other scenes, near of his later conversations with the Fool (I.iv.130 Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle?) and others. Indeed, King Lear is, in many ways, about nothing. Regan and Goneril seem to offer much in the beginning, but after whittling down the number of Lears knights, they leave him with nothing, and in the overthrow their natural affection comes to nothing as well. Lear is progressively brought to nothing, stripped of everything -- kingdom, knights, dignity, sanity, clothes, his utmost loving daughter, and finally life itself. One of the main signals of the growing loony bin of Lears world is the distortion of familial and social ties. King Lear exiles his favorite daughter, Cordelia, for a trifling offense, and those daughters he does favor soon turn against him.