French Revolution and Napoleon Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

French Revolution and Napoleon Era - Essay Example Largely, the French revolution was considered successful premised on the ideologies of liberty, equality, brotherhood, democracy, hubris, fiscal responsibility and technology. The revolutionary’s slogan of â€Å"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or death† captures their vision and aspiration for a new order and willingness to die for that cause (Kaiser & Kley, 2010). Their commitment to attain liberty and equality resulted to national liberation and legal equity. The liberals championed their ideologies on advocating for individual liberty and legal equality. Liberty created freedom for people to make choices for themselves, equality where no person being superior to the other, rationalism in which every individual would have the capacity of logical thinking, progress of society, science, and the economy and free market liberalism. These consequential liberal ideas advocated for a limited government that favored democracy. While chanting the spirit of brotherhood, the irate French citizens of Paris conducted the Bastille storm as a unit to express the people’s takeover of power. At the same time, Fiscal responsibility and Hubris were influential to the revolution owing to the crisis of King Louis XV, resulting from higher debts accruals; the tax increased on the citizens in order to pay up these debts to end the cycle of financial trap. The dawn of democracy also helped create a people’s elected government by adopting new political ideologies, equality for all persons and encouraging a limited form of government that championed the people’s interests. Moreover, the technology that was used during the French revolution including guillotine made people fear, being a new style of execution, and becoming the nerve of revolutionary justice. (Censer & Hunt, 2001) Thus, the French revolution was premised on enlightenment, citizenship, nationalism and inalienable rights, some of which would spill over to the American Revolution. Napoleoni c Era Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in the town of Ajaccio, Corsica; the Republic of Genoa which was transferred one year after the small island to France. On July 4, 1176, the American constitution and declaration of independence was signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, then years following to July14, 1789 saw the final fall of Bastille, Paris because of brotherhood efforts of the French revolutionary, opening doors for the beginning of the revolutionary war challenging the old with the ideals of a new and better society. Culminating from the endless efforts of the revolutionaries, the Monarchy was abolished in France on September 21, 1792 in France establishing the first French Republic. Just a day after being convicted of conspiracy, King Louis XVI was executed by the French National convention using a guillotine in Paris on January 21, 1793. (Rose, 1935) On August 22, 1795, the French constitution was ratified by the French National convention during the times of the French revolution in France. A year later, the battle of Arcola took place, marking a decisive battle during Napoleon’s defeat of the third Austrian trail to raise the Siege of Mantua, making Napoleon disentangle himself from a very precarious position on 15-16 November 1796. In 1798 marked the French campaign in Egypt and Syria to protect French trading interests, diminish Britain’s presence in India and anchor scientific establishments in the region. On November 9,

Another JD Salinger :: essays research papers

J.D. Salinger's youth and war experiences influenced his writings. J.D. went through four different schools for education. He then went to World War II. After the war, he had a lot to say, so he wrote down his thoughts. And, he sure had some things to say. Jerome David Salinger came into this world on January 1, 1919. J.D. was short for Jerome David. Jerome David went by J.D. when he was young and he never let go of the name as he got older. J.D. was born in New York City, New York (Ryan 2581). J.D. Salinger's parents were Sol and Miriam Salinger (Ryan 2581). His father, Sol Salinger, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and is said to have been the son of a rabbi. However, Sol drifted far from orthodox Judaism to become an importer of hams. Sol married a Scotch-Irish lady (French 21). The lady's name was Marie Jillich. She changed her name to Miriam to fit into her husband's family (French 21). Jerome David had a roller coaster marriage record. He was allegedly married to a French physician in 1945 and divorced her in 1947 (Ryan 2581). But other sources say that Salinger has never admitted this marriage and the records of the Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics fail to indicate that a divorce was granted in that state in 1947 to Jerome David Salinger (French 26). He then married Claire Douglas on February 17, 1955. Claire Douglas was a Radcliff graduate born in England. In 1955, the two of them settled down in Cornish, New Hampshire, where they raised two children (Unger 552). J.D. divorced Claire Douglas in October 1967 in Newport, New Hampshire (Ryan 2581). In 1932, the time J.D. should have begun high school, he was transferred to a private institution, Manhattan's McBurney School. There, J.D. told the interviewer that he was interested in dramatics; but J.D. reportedly flunked out within a year (French 22). In September 1934, his father enrolled him at Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania (French 22). In 1935, while attending Valley Forge, J.D. was the literary editor of Crossed Sabers, the Academy Yearbook. Salinger's grades at Valley Forge were satisfactory. His marks in English varied from 75 to 92. His final grades were: English 88, French 88, German 76, History 79, and Dramatics 88. As recorded in J.D.'s Valley Forge file, his I.Q. was 115. While such scores as J.D.'s must be treated with caution, this one and another one of 111 that he made when tested in New York are strong evidence that he was slightly above the average in intelligence, but far from the "genius" category. At Valley Forge, Salinger belonged to the Glee Club, the Another JD Salinger :: essays research papers J.D. Salinger's youth and war experiences influenced his writings. J.D. went through four different schools for education. He then went to World War II. After the war, he had a lot to say, so he wrote down his thoughts. And, he sure had some things to say. Jerome David Salinger came into this world on January 1, 1919. J.D. was short for Jerome David. Jerome David went by J.D. when he was young and he never let go of the name as he got older. J.D. was born in New York City, New York (Ryan 2581). J.D. Salinger's parents were Sol and Miriam Salinger (Ryan 2581). His father, Sol Salinger, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and is said to have been the son of a rabbi. However, Sol drifted far from orthodox Judaism to become an importer of hams. Sol married a Scotch-Irish lady (French 21). The lady's name was Marie Jillich. She changed her name to Miriam to fit into her husband's family (French 21). Jerome David had a roller coaster marriage record. He was allegedly married to a French physician in 1945 and divorced her in 1947 (Ryan 2581). But other sources say that Salinger has never admitted this marriage and the records of the Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics fail to indicate that a divorce was granted in that state in 1947 to Jerome David Salinger (French 26). He then married Claire Douglas on February 17, 1955. Claire Douglas was a Radcliff graduate born in England. In 1955, the two of them settled down in Cornish, New Hampshire, where they raised two children (Unger 552). J.D. divorced Claire Douglas in October 1967 in Newport, New Hampshire (Ryan 2581). In 1932, the time J.D. should have begun high school, he was transferred to a private institution, Manhattan's McBurney School. There, J.D. told the interviewer that he was interested in dramatics; but J.D. reportedly flunked out within a year (French 22). In September 1934, his father enrolled him at Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania (French 22). In 1935, while attending Valley Forge, J.D. was the literary editor of Crossed Sabers, the Academy Yearbook. Salinger's grades at Valley Forge were satisfactory. His marks in English varied from 75 to 92. His final grades were: English 88, French 88, German 76, History 79, and Dramatics 88. As recorded in J.D.'s Valley Forge file, his I.Q. was 115. While such scores as J.D.'s must be treated with caution, this one and another one of 111 that he made when tested in New York are strong evidence that he was slightly above the average in intelligence, but far from the "genius" category. At Valley Forge, Salinger belonged to the Glee Club, the

Smrt Buses

Marketing CA Report 1 |No |Name ( as in IC / Passport) |IC / Passport Number |Telephone Number |Email Address | |1 |  Ker Shihan |F2880485R |98576248 |[email  protected] sim. edu. sg | SMRT Buses There are two types of environmental forces on SMRT buses, Macroenvironmental and Microenvironmental forces. For Macroenvironmental forces, the factors are Demographic, Economic, Natural, Technological, Political, Social and Cultural forces. For Microenvironmental forces, the factors are the company itself, suppliers, Marketing intermediaries, competitors, Publics and customers affect its ability to serve its customers. However, I will only be covering 2 of each Microenvironmental and Macroenvironmental forces. Introduction SMRT first started off in the year 1983, offering services such as Trains, Buses, and Taxis. From 1983 to 2003, SMRT buses were 2 different companies, namely, Trans Island Bus Services (TIBS) and SMRT. To increase competition of customers between local buses, 16 SBS services were given to TIBS (SMRT before merger). Operation of bus services in the north-east corridor was also offered to TIBS (SMRT before merger). In 1999, when TIBS (SMRT before merger) lost the offer to operate the north east line, TIBS and SMRT decided to merge to increase rails and buses synergy. SMRT then merged with TIBS in 2004. Microenvironmental Forces SMRT buses’ only has one competitor, the SBS Transit. SBS Transit monopolised the scheduled bus market share until SMRT was established in 1982. Now SBS Transit has about 265 bus services and daily ridership of over 2 million passengers, equivalent to 75% of scheduled bus market share. Compared to SMRT, with a daily ridership of over 730000 passengers, which is equivalent to 25% of scheduled bus market share. SMRT needs to observe their competitor to see what they are doing, find a way to counter their actions and then create a better competitive advantage. In doing so, SMRT can increase their scheduled bus market share and eventually monopolise the market. The other microenvironmental force affecting SMRT buses is their customers. To meet customers’ needs, passengers are constantly being observed. In the year 2010, SMRT introduced a new bus that is both elderly and wheelchair-friendly. The buses have steps that are low which allows the use of wheelchairs and at the same time enables swift and ease movement for passengers when moving to the rear of the bus. Also, the bus is quieter and vibrates lesser compared to buses used previously. This allows passengers to experience a smooth and comfortable ride when travelling long distances on buses. To create better competitive advantage over their competitors, SMRT opens feedback from passengers, wanting to know passengers’ opinions, so as to improve their bus services. Macroenvironmental Forces One of the Macroenvironmental forces affecting SMRT buses is the Social force. To make SMRT greener, the new bus as mentioned in the Microenvironmental force, are almost one ton lighter, compared to the older buses used. This improves both mileage and fuel efficiency by about 7%. This new bus has a passenger capacity of about 80 passengers and 1 passenger-in-wheelchair, which is almost the same as older buses. Also, harmful gases like Nitrous Oxide are converted to mostly Nitrogen and water vapour with the BlueTec ® SCR engine, thus making emission from the buses safer and cleaner. With all these new features, there will be lesser pollution, and thus creating a better image for SMRT. The other Macroenvironmental force affecting SMRT buses is the Economic force. Due to the recession in the year 2008, passenger’s spending power and patterns are affected. In September 2008, although in terms of percentage, the bus ridership is stable at 64%. However, the monthly bus ridership has decreased by more than 70000, from 23,788,000 passengers to 23,714,000 passengers. Even though there is a drop in passengers, SMRT is earning profits more than before the recession. Conclusion In conclusion, Microenvironmental and Macroenvironmental forces can affect a company in many ways. It may affect the company in both positive and negative ways. For example, from above, the economic force, during the recession even though there were lesser passengers, the profits earned still increased, but, if the number of passengers did not decrease, the profit will be higher. However, for the microenvironmental force, competitor, it may be a good and a bad thing. When there is competition, companies tend to improve their services to be better than each other. In a way, this creates a competitive advantage for the company who can meet more customers’ needs. References SGWiki (2011 February 26) The Year In Buses, Singapore, SGWiki (http://sgwiki. com/wiki/The_Year_in_Buses) (25/10/2011, 12:38) SBS (No Date) Bus Services, Singapore SBS (http://www. sbstransit. com. sg/transport/trpt_bus_overview. aspx) (25/10/2011, 12:41) SMRT Corporation Ltd(9 March 2010), SMRT INTRODUCES SOUTHEAST ASIA’S FIRST FULL LOW FLOOR EURO 5 BUS – PROVIDING GREATER ACCESSIBILITY FOR PASSENGERS, Singapore, SMRT Corp Ltd (http://www. mrt. com. sg/Upload/201031010315179993. pdf)( 23/10/2011, 20:38) Abhijit (2 November 2009, Monday), Six rail journeys for every 10 bus rides in Singapore, Singapore, PressRun (http://www. pressrun. net/weblog/2009/11/six-rail-journeys-for-every-10-bus-rides-in-singapore. html) (24/10/2011, 21:11) Seraphina Wee (22 October 2009), Mass Media Continues to Perform in Times of Downturn: NielsenConsumption of newspapers, te levision, cable, magazines, and radion have remained stable while the Internet saw considerable growth,

Andrew Jackson, The Sharp Knife Essay - 1481 Words

Andrew Jackson, The Sharp Knife When we look back into history, we are now able to fully comprehend the atrocities the Indians faced at the hands of the historic general and President, Andrew Jackson. It can be seen as one of the most shameful and unjust series of political actions taken by an American government. However, as an American living almost 200 years later, it is crucial to look at the motives possessed by Andrew Jackson, and ask whether he fully comprehended the repercussions of his actions or if is was simply ignorant to what he was subjection the natives to. We must also consider weather he truly had the countries best interest in mind, or his own. We can begin to see Jacksons vigilante style leadership following†¦show more content†¦However, despite the knowledge that the Natives were in alliance with our countries enemies, there were still those who saw Jackson as a vicious killer and brutal vigilante. Even though these historical events took place nearly 200 years ago, several of the same problems faced with modern America also plagued the country during the 1800s. One major dilemma faced during Jacksons time was the divided country. Once Jackson takes office in 1829, almost immediately he begins a crusade to expel the Indians out of white inhabited eastern lands. Despite his belief that there is no conceivable way for the Natives and settlers to ever live together and coexist in the same community, he does seem to show awareness and what appears to be remorse towards the Indians and what they have been subjected to. In his First Annual Message on December 8, 1829 Jackson states to the Senate and of the House of Representatives: Their (Natives) present condition, contrasted with what they once were, makes a most powerful appeal to our sympathiesÂ…By persuasion and force they have been made to retire from river to river and from mountain to mountain, until some of the tribes have become extinct and others have left but remnants to preserve for a while their once terrible names. Surrounded by the whites with their arts of civilization, which by destroying the resources of the savage doom him toShow MoreRelatedNative Americans During Andrew Jackson’s Presidency717 Words   |  3 PagesImagine being taken out of your home and told that you must leave to a new, foreign land and leave the only thing that you know. This is what Native Americans during Andrew Jackson’s presidency had to live through. 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